Furosemide Doesn't Help Prevent or Treat Renal Failure

. . . and high doses appear to be associated with ototoxicity.

Furosemide is used frequently to convert oliguric to nonoliguric renal failure in patients with early acute renal failure; the intention is to reduce the need for dialysis. Australian investigators conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether this intervention is successful.

They identified nine randomized controlled trials that included 849 patients with or at risk for acute renal failure; the largest trial by far was reported in Journal Watch. The analysis found no effect of furosemide on the following outcome measures: mortality, risk for requiring renal replacement therapy or dialysis, number of dialysis sessions needed, and proportion of patients with persistent oliguria. Stratifying the studies on the basis of whether furosemide was used for treatment or prevention did not change the results. An increased incidence of tinnitus and temporary deafness was noted in patients treated with high-dose furosemide.

Comment: Although furosemide may be used to induce diuresis in patients with acute renal failure, it provides no overall benefit for such patients and can cause side effects at high doses. At the time of publication, the full text of the original article was available free of charge.

— Keith I. Marton, MD

Published in Journal Watch September 26, 2006

Citation(s):

Ho KM and Sheridan DJ. Meta-analysis of furosemide to prevent or treat acute renal failure. BMJ 2006 Aug 26; 333:420-3.